Agri-tech solutions for tomato growers

In Bomet County located in the Rift Valley region of Kenya, Hellen Rono is already preparing her farm for the new planting season

After a successful tomato harvest, which seemed improbable just a year ago, she is optimistic about her future crops. Like many farmers in the region, Hellen had traditionally depended on rainwater, but it was never enough for her commercial ambitions. The cold climate added to the challenge, prompting her to invest in a greenhouse. She believed it was the solution to her problems, but her first attempt ended in disaster.

“I planted tomatoes inside my greenhouse, which is eight metres by 15 metres, and they started germinating and growing well. However, midway through the growth process, the tomatoes began withering one by one, just as they were about to flower,” Hellen said. The withering continued until nearly 10 plants were dying each day.

Instead of giving up, Hellen reached out to agricultural officers who confirmed the plants were infected with tomato wilt. “We were told that there was no medicine for the disease. They advised us to irrigate the plants with plenty of water to prevent further withering,” she explains. With her farm relying on Bomet County water for both domestic and agricultural use, Hellen's water bill soared as she was using around 200 litres per day to irrigate the tomatoes. Despite the increased irrigation, her greenhouse remained flooded, but the damage was done—by the time some plants began to fruit, the entire crop had withered. There was nothing to harvest.

This setback led Hellen to research tomato wilt online, where she discovered tomato grafting, a technique from China that combats the disease. She also learned that high temperatures inside her greenhouse were another contributing factor, causing the flowers to drop and halting fruit production. “When scientists supervised my greenhouse, they reported high temperatures. At the time, I could not work inside the greenhouse from as early as 10 am because it was unbearably hot,” Hellen says.

Upon receiving training on how to regulate greenhouse temperatures, Hellen reduced the number of tomato plants from 500 to 250. The results were immediate. “We planted both grafted and non-grafted tomatoes in the same greenhouse. After a month, the non-grafted tomatoes started withering, while the grafted ones flowered consistently,” she says. “The grafted plants were not infected, and they continued to fruit, leading to a bumper harvest.”

Hellen's grafted tomatoes yielded impressive results. “It took 75 days to start harvesting grafted tomatoes, the same as the non-grafted ones. However, the grafted ones lasted much longer, with the first harvest weighing 6.8kg compared to 5.1kg from the non-grafted. The grafted plants reached an incredible 73.2kg, while the non-grafted ones barely made it to 8.7kg before dying.”

Yutao Liu, professor & director of the Confucius Institute at Egerton University, highlights the positive outcomes of using technological innovations in farming. "The graft seedling is resistant to disease, while the normal seedling is not. This is an example of the promising future of agricultural technology, particularly through the partnership between China and Kenya," Liu explains.

The collaboration between Egerton University and Nanjing Agricultural University has seen the establishment of 18 demo sites across Nakuru, Kisumu, Bomet, and Subukia. These sites showcase the grafted tomato variety, which has shown promise with a six-month harvest period per planting season. However, to grow grafted tomatoes, farmers need to have greenhouses.

The China-IFAD South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC) initiative, funded by the Chinese Ministry of Finance, is behind this project, which aims to provide rural youth and farmers with innovative horticultural solutions. Steve Codjo, a regional analyst for China-IFAD SSTC, explains, “South-South cooperation is about knowledge exchange. We wanted something tangible that would serve the smallholder farmers for the long term.”

For farmers like Hellen, this collaboration has meant not only increased food security but also a more sustainable livelihood. This demonstrates that when technology is adapted to local contexts, it can break cycles of agricultural loss and empower rural communities.